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American Mineralogist; February 1998; v. 83; no. 1-2; p. 58-67
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Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite

V. Sucha, F. Elsass, D. D. Eberl, L. Kuchta, J. Madejova, W. P. Gates, and P. Komadel

Comenius University, Department of Geology of Mineral Deposits, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Synthetic gel and glass of illitic composition, natural kaolinite, and mixed-layer illitesmectite were used as starting materials for hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite. Ammonium illite was prepared from synthetic gel by hydrothermal treatment at 300 degrees C. The onset of crystallization began within 3 h, and well-crystallized ammonium illite appeared at 24 h. Increasing reaction time (up to four weeks) led to many illite layers per crystal. In the presence of equivalent proportions of potassium and ammonium, the gel was transformed to illite with equimolar contents of K and NH 4 . In contrast, synthesis using glass under the same conditions resulted in a mixture of mixed-layer ammonium illite-smectite with large expandability and discrete illite. Hydrothermal treatments of the fine fractions of natural kaolinite and illite-smectite produced ammonium illite from kaolinite but the illite-smectite remained unchanged.

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