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University of Tokyo, Mineralogcal Institute, Tokyo, Japan
This paper demonstrates that the six standard polytypes of chlorite, whose definitions are based on the orientation of the interlayer sheet and the position of the interlayer sheet on the 2:1 layer, can be discriminated by atomic-resolution images recorded down [010], using a transmission electron microscope with a approximately 2 Aa point resolution and digital image processing. Several specimens were investigated to reveal their local stacking structures. A Ibb chlorite is highly twinned and twin boundaries consist of a IIb+Ia stacking sequence at the interlayer sheet. An interstratified chlorite/biotite formed by hydrothermal alteration from biotite in granite consists of a mixture of several chlorite polytypic sequences, including, Iab, Ibb, IIab, and IIbb. These polytypic details of chlorite and other sheet silicates provide important insights into mineral stability, origin, and reaction mechanisms.
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