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American Mineralogist; June 1999; v. 84; no. 5-6; p. 782-789
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Chemical and paragenetic data on gadolinite-group minerals from Baveno and Cuasso al Monte, southern Alps, Italy

F. Pezzotta, V. Diella, and A. Guastoni

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milan, Italy

A chemical and paragenetic study was performed on gadolinite-group minerals occurring in miarolitic pink granite and granophyric leucogranite of the subvolcanic Hercynian plutons at Baveno and Cuasso al Monte, Southern Alps, Italy. In the localities investigated, gadolinite-group minerals are hosted in massive pegmatite, in aplite, and in miarolitic cavities having different degrees of evolution. The petrological relations indicate that progressive crystallization has occurred from magmatic through to hydrothermal conditions. At Baveno, Ce-rich gadolinite-(Y) (with Sigma REE > Y) formed during the primitive stages of pegmatite crystallization. Gadolinite-(Y) (with Sigma REE < Y) formed in pegmatites and granophyric aplites during primitive to moderately evolved stages of these dikes. Gadolinite-(Y) (with Sigma REE Y) formed during intermediate stages of evolution, and hingganite-(Y) is dominant in highly evolved miarolitic cavities together with several rare-element phases. The chemical differences observed in the gadolinites from the two localities may indicate a different parental magma composition and reflect a difference in the crystallization processes. In contrast to Baveno, the crystallization at Cuasso al Monte occurred under open-system conditions, which prevented the formation of a zeolite (datolite-bearing) stage and generated a typical medium- to low-temperature hydrothermal mineral assemblage consisting of quartz, fluorite, barite, sulfides, and carbonates. The large variations in the Y/Dy ratio observed in the studied samples may be due to a change in the fluorine abundance in hydrothermal fluids related to paragenetic effects and mixing processes.

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