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American Mineralogist; November-December; v. 88; no. 11-12; p. 2040-2044
© 2003 Mineralogical Society of America
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Letter

Tailoring calcite: Nanoscale AFM of coccolith biocrystals

K. Henriksen1, S.L.S. Stipp1,*, J.R. Young2 and P.R. Bown3

1 Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
2 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.
3 Department of Geology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.

Correspondence: * E-mail: stipp{at}geol.ku.dk

Biomineralization produces crystals of elaborate shapes, never seen in inorganic mineralogy, with tightly regulated compositions and axis orientations. The calcite coccoliths produced by unicellular marine algae provide an example of such control at very tiny scales. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of two species provided nanoscale images allowing us to define crystallographic orientation in the crystal elements and to establish the relationship between crystallographic orientation and coccolith morphology. Both species adopt the inorganically stable calcite rhomb, but differences in crystal orientation enable them to construct distinct architectures with properties tailored to suit the requirements of their ecological niche.




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