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American Mineralogist; July 2007; v. 92; no. 7; p. 1105-1111; DOI: 10.2138/am.2007.2251
© 2007 Mineralogical Society of America
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Material conversion from paper-sludge ash in NaOH, KOH, and LiOH solutions

Takaaki Wajima1,*, Hiroji Ishimoto2, Keiko Kuzawa3, Kazuhiko Ito2, Osamu Tamada3, Mickey E. Gunter4 and John F. Rakovan5

1 Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1-48, Kubara, Yamashiro-cho, Imari, Saga 849-4256, Japan
2 Department of Bio-Environment, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
3 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
4 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3022, U.S.A.
5 Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, U.S.A.

Correspondence: * E-mail: wajima{at}ioes.saga-u.ac.jp

Zeolites were synthesized from paper-sludge ash in different alkali solutions. The ash used in this study has a high-Ca content and a low abundance of Si, in part due to the presence of calcite that is used as a paper filler. The major minerals present in the ash are gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8). Three kinds of alkali solutions (NaOH, KOH, and LiOH) at four different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 M) were reacted with paper-sludge ash at 90 °C for 24 h. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24·8H2O) and zeolite Linde F (KAlSiO4·1.5H2O) had formed in NaOH and KOH solutions, respectively, and that anorthite had dissolved in these alkaline solutions, whereas gehlenite had remained unaffected. In the LiOH solution, both anorthite and gehlenite dissolved, and various minerals, including Li-ABW zeolite (Li4Al6Si6O16·4H2O), hydrocalumite [Ca2Al(OH)6(Cl, OH)·3H2O], tobermorite [Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O], katoite [Ca3Al2(SiO4)(OH)8], and portlandite [Ca(OH)2] formed. The products of mineral synthesis from paper-sludge ash by reaction in alkaline solutions strongly depend on the specific alkali present.

Key Words: Paper-sludge ash • hydroxysodalite • zeolite Linde F • Li-ABW • hydrocalumite • tobermorite • katoite • portlandite






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