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American Mineralogist; April; v. 94; no. 4; p. 565-577; DOI: 10.2138/am.2009.3028
© 2009 Mineralogical Society of America
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A predictive model for the enthalpies of hydration of zeolites

Philippe Vieillard1,* and Romain Mathieu2

1 CNRS/INSU FRE 3114 Hydrasa, 40 Ave du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers cedex, France
2 Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, INSU/CNRS-UPR 2300, Nancy Université, BP 20, 54501 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France

Correspondence: * E-mail: philippe.vieillard{at}univ-poitiers.fr

A compilation of the average hydration enthalpies per mole of water of 145 diversely originating zeolites measured using different technical methods [76 data from transposed-temperature drop calorimetry (TTDC), 57 data from immersion calorimetry (IC), 6 data from phase equilibria (PE), 5 data from gas-adsorption calorimetry (GAC), and 3 data from hydrofluoric acid solution calorimetry (HF)] was generated. Statistical regressions between three parameters involving the average hydration enthalpy per mole of water {{Delta}Hhyd-W, {Delta}Hhyd-W/(Al/Si), ln[–{Delta}Hhyd-W/(Al/Si)]}and six parameters namely: (1) the charge defined by the Al/Si ratio; (2) the ratio of the framework charge to the number of H2O molecules (Al/H2O); (3) the framework density (FD) calculated from the molecular volume of the anhydrous zeolite, FDanh, and hydrated zeolite, FDhyd; (4) the average cation electronegativity in the exchange site characterized by parameter {Delta}HO=(site A)aq; and (5) the intracrystalline water porosity (WP) determined from the volume of liquid water that can be recovered upon thorough outgassing of the hydrated zeolite. The regressions were performed by taking into account either the nature of the measurement technique, or the nature of the zeolite family. Within the zeolites from the TTDC and IC populations (133 data), the best results were obtained with ln[–{Delta}Hhyd-W/(Al/Si)] and Al/(Al + Si). Whatever the measurement technique, considering the nature of the zeolite family having a constant framework density of the anhydrous form (129 data), the Al/(Al + Si) ratio remains the best parameter and the enthalpy of hydration can be expressed as follows:


Formula

This general relationship can be improved by considering the following parameters: FDanh, {Delta}HO=(site A)aq, WP and a new parameter that is the product of three parameters Al/Si, {Delta}HO=(site A)aq, and WP weighing the variation of the water porosity related to the nature of the cation and to the total charge of the exchange site. Therefore, an understanding of the chemical formulae and unit-cell volumes of anhydrous and hydrated zeolites is required to evaluate the enthalpy of hydration with an accuracy of ±3.25 kJ/mol H2O.

Key Words: Hydration enthalpy • integral hydration enthalpy • zeolites • framework density • anhydrous zeolites • hydrated zeolites • thermal stability • water porosity • zeolite X • zeolite Y






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