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American Mineralogist; April 2008; v. 93; no. 4; p. 540-547; DOI: 10.2138/am.2008.2467
© 2008 Mineralogical Society of America
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Time-resolved synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of magnetite formation by the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens

Victoria S. Coker1,*, Anthony M.T. Bell2, Carolyn I. Pearce1, Richard A.D. Pattrick1, Gerrit van der Laan1,2,3 and Jonathan R. Lloyd1

1 School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
2 STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD, U.K.
3 Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K.


Figure 1
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  		FIGURE 1. Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for samples produced in the absence of an electron shuttle. Goethite (G) and magnetite (M) peaks are indicated. Numerical values on the right of the figure represent the number of hours elapsed since the start of the experiment.

 

Figure 2
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  		FIGURE 2. Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for samples produced in the presence of an electron shuttle during the reduction of ferrihydrite to magnetite. Goethite (G) and magnetite (M) peaks are indicated. Numerical values on the right of the figure represent the number of hours elapsed since the start of the experiment.

 

Figure 3
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  		FIGURE 3. Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for a sample taken at 26 h from a culture containing AQDS fitted using Rietveld refinement. Rietveld difference plot (gray line) between the fit (solid black line) and the data (black points on upper spectra). Reflection positions for goethite (black triangles) and magnetite (black diamonds) also shown.

 

Figure 4
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  		FIGURE 4. Graphs showing the change in Fe(II) concentration with time in cultures during incubation with G. sulfurreducens compared to the wt% of goethite and magnetite present at each time point: (a) cultures not containing AQDS, (b) AQDS-supplemented cultures.

 




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